Techniques Used To Do Research

so till now I have two techniques used for research : mathematical validation of a solution and creating a toy problem. What are the other techniques? :


It made me think about the different phases of research: :


is there any video or blog or linkedin post available? :

Yes. If your goal is to learn how researchers construct evidence and validate ideas, there are some excellent resources. I’ll group them by what you’re trying to learn.

1. How researchers think about evidence and experiments

Richard Hamming — “You and Your Research”

This is probably the single best talk for understanding how great researchers think.

You and Your Research (Bell Labs transcript)

Don’t read it as productivity advice. Read it as:

How do researchers decide what is worth investigating?


Michael Nielsen

His essays are excellent for understanding scientific thinking.

Michael Nielsen Essays

Particularly useful because he often discusses:


2. Toy problems and mechanistic understanding

Anthropic: Toy Models of Superposition

This is one of the clearest examples of:

Big Question
↓
Tiny Toy Problem
↓
Mechanistic Understanding

While it is about neural network interpretability, the methodology applies to any research area.


3. How to design experiments

Andrej Karpathy

His talks are filled with practical experimental thinking.

Andrej Karpathy YouTube Channel

Pay attention to:


Yann LeCun interviews

LeCun frequently discusses:

Hypothesis
↓
Experiment
↓
Revision

rather than simply building models.

Yann LeCun Official Site


4. Research methodology for ML

The Gradient

One of the best blogs for understanding:

Search there for:


5. The framework you’re actually looking for

From our conversations, I think you’re gradually discovering that researchers use several different “evidence generators”:

Mathematical proof
Toy problem
Ablation
Benchmark
Intervention
Visualization
Failure analysis
Representation analysis

A useful exercise when reading any paper is:

Research Evidence Audit

Write:

What claim is being made?

How is the claim supported?

□ Theory
□ Toy Problem
□ Benchmark
□ Ablation
□ Visualization
□ Failure Cases
□ Intervention
□ Representation Analysis

After doing this for 20–30 papers, you’ll start seeing recurring patterns.


For someone with your interests (representation learning, audio-visual learning, temporal modeling, action localization), I would start with:

  1. Richard Hamming’s “You and Your Research”

  2. Anthropic’s Toy Models of Superposition

  3. The Gradient

Together they cover:


any books? :

Yes. But based on what you’ve been asking lately, I would not recommend books on productivity or “how to do research” first.

You’re trying to understand:

For that, I’d recommend these books.


1. The Art of Doing Science and Engineering

If I could recommend only one book to a new researcher, it would be this.

Hamming discusses:

What you’ll like:

He focuses on problem selection and scientific thinking, not productivity hacks.


2. The Craft of Research

This book teaches:

Claim
↓
Evidence
↓
Argument

which is essentially what a research paper is.

Useful because you’re beginning to think about:

How do researchers convince others?

This book directly addresses that.


3. How to Solve It

One of the most influential books on problem solving ever written.

Pólya’s framework:

Understand the problem
↓
Devise a plan
↓
Carry out the plan
↓
Look back

appears everywhere in science.

This is especially relevant because you’re trying to become more problem-oriented.


4. The Structure of Scientific Revolutions

This is not a practical research book.

It’s about:

How scientific ideas evolve.

You’ll learn:

Many research ideas come from understanding where current paradigms fail.


5. Thinking, Fast and Slow

Since you’ve asked about:

this book will help you understand:

However, don’t read it as a research methodology book.

Read it as:

How my mind works while doing research.


6. The Beginning of Infinity

This is my wildcard recommendation for you.

The central idea is:

Progress comes from creating better explanations.

Not:

more data

Not:

more confidence

But:

better explanations

This is surprisingly close to how good researchers think.


For your current stage

Given everything we’ve discussed over the last year, I’d read them in this order:

First

The Art of Doing Science and Engineering

because you’re struggling with:


Second

How to Solve It

because you’re trying to build a framework for approaching research problems.


Third

The Craft of Research

because you’re beginning to analyze papers in terms of evidence and argument.


Fourth

The Beginning of Infinity

because it helps develop the mindset:

My job is not to find certainty.

My job is to create and test explanations.

And honestly, that mindset would directly address many of the questions you’ve been asking recently about self-doubt, adaptability, and committing to research directions despite uncertainty.